بطاقات اللغة الإنجليزية المتقدمة توجيهي: مراجعة سريعة

Compound Adjective

An adjective made up of more than one word that functions as a single unit to describe a noun (e.g., strong-willed).

Identity

The qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person who they are.

Fixed Expression

A standard phrase where the wording is set and often has a specific idiomatic meaning (e.g., get a kick out of).

Active Listening

A communication technique that requires the listener to fully concentrate, understand, respond, and then remember what is being said.

Social butterfly

An extroverted person who is very social and enjoys spending time with many people.

Keep yourself to yourself

To live a quiet life and not involve yourself much with other people; to be private.

Psychometric Assessment

A standard and scientific method used to measure individuals' mental capabilities and behavioral styles.

Paraphrasing

Expressing the meaning of something written or spoken using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity.

A person’s usual character

A person’s usual character or way of behaving.

Passed from parents to

Passed from parents to children through genes.

A particular characteristic or

A particular characteristic or way of behaving.

Care, upbringing, or influence

Care, upbringing, or influence that helps someone develop.

Continuous Tense

A tense used to describe actions that are or were in progress at a specific point in time.

Perfect Simple

A tense used to indicate that an action is completed or has a direct result in the present/specified time.

Perfect Continuous

A tense emphasizing the duration or the ongoing nature of an action leading up to a specific point.

Stative Verbs

Verbs that describe a state rather than an action (e.g., 'look', 'seem', 'know') and usually do not take the -ing form.

Linguistic relativity

The concept that the structure of a language affects its speakers' world view or cognition.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A theory suggesting that the language one speaks influences or determines the way one thinks and perceives the world.

To become aware of

To become aware of something through the senses; to see or notice in a particular way.

To form an idea

To form an idea, mental image, or concept of something in the mind.

An informal online text

An informal online text that usually includes personal experience, reflection, and a clear reader-friendly voice.

childhood memory

An event from early life that a writer remembers and explains.

To return suddenly and

To return suddenly and strongly, especially memories or feelings.

had no choice

A phrase meaning there was no other real option.

What does verb of movement mean?

A verb that describes how someone or something moves, often with detail about speed, balance, force, or manner.

What does idiom mean?

A fixed expression whose meaning is figurative and should not be changed word by word.

What does literal meaning mean?

The direct physical meaning of a word, such as fly meaning move through the air.

What does figurative meaning mean?

A non-literal meaning, such as fly meaning move quickly and suddenly.

space tourism

Review this term in relation to: The textbook pages train students to listen for specific information in conversations about space tourism, complete vocabulary phrases from the recording, and

breakneck speed

Review this term in relation to: The highlighted phrases are practised through personal questions.

make your mark

Review this term in relation to: The textbook pages train students to listen for specific information in conversations about space tourism, complete vocabulary phrases from the recording, and

Listening for omitted topics

The task asks students to identify the topic that is not mentioned.

A professional and polite

A professional and polite style of writing used when communicating with companies or authorities, avoiding slang and emotional outbursts.

A pair or group

A pair or group of words that are habitually juxtaposed, such as 'deeply disappointed' or 'fundamentally flawed'.

Concession Clause

A part of a sentence that begins with words like 'although' or 'while' to acknowledge a point before making a contrasting statement.

Monetary Compensation

A formal request for a refund or payment to make up for inconvenience or financial loss.

A list of experiences

A list of experiences or achievements that a person hopes to have or accomplish during their lifetime.

To get along well

To get along well with someone immediately upon meeting them.

social butterfly

An extroverted person who loves to socialize and has many friends or acquaintances.

driving force

Someone or something that has a strong influence and makes something happen.

travel reflection

A piece of writing that explores personal experiences, feelings, and lessons learned during a journey.

pros and cons

The advantages (pros) and disadvantages (cons) of a particular decision or situation.

travelling companion

A person with whom one journeys; compatibility between companions is key to a successful trip.

balanced judgement

A decision or opinion reached after considering all different aspects and viewpoints fairly.

Cost-benefit analysis

A sophisticated decision-making tool that weighs the relative importance of different factors by assigning them scores.

Present bias

The human tendency to overvalue immediate rewards while ignoring or undervaluing long-term benefits.

Sunk-cost fallacy

The false belief that one should continue an activity or investment simply because time or money has already been invested.

Law of diminishing returns

The principle that after a certain point, increasing investment or effort does not lead to better results and may cause harm.

USP (Unique Selling Point)

The feature that makes a product different from and better than anything else.

The amount of business

The amount of business a company does in a set period of time.

A new business activity

A new business activity that is risky or involves chance.

Compound Noun

A noun created by joining two or more words together to create a single idea.

For-and-against essay

A formal piece of writing that discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a specific topic before reaching a conclusion.

To rewrite a text

To rewrite a text or statement using different words while maintaining the original meaning to avoid repetition.

A group of words

A group of words that are habitually juxtaposed or commonly used together (e.g., 'run errands').

A set of reasons

A set of reasons or a logical basis for a particular belief or course of action.

An idea or conclusion

An idea or conclusion reached based on evidence, speaker words, and tone rather than explicit statements.

Scarcity Principle

A persuasion technique that makes an offer seem more attractive by suggesting it is in limited supply.

Reciprocation

The psychological tendency to feel obliged to give something back after receiving a favor or gift.

Social Proof

A technique where people are persuaded to do something because they see others doing it.

Passive Voice

A grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence is the recipient of the action rather than the performer.

The person or thing

The person or thing that performs the action in a sentence; in passive sentences, the agent is often preceded by 'by' or omitted.

Past Participle

The form of a verb (typically ending in -ed for regular verbs) used with 'be' to form passive structures.

Double-object Verbs

Verbs that can take both a direct and an indirect object, such as 'give', 'show', 'lend', or 'promise'.

For-and-against essay

A formal piece of writing that discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a specific topic.

Paraphrasing

Rewriting a text or statement using different words while maintaining the original meaning to avoid repetition.

Collocations

Words that are habitually placed together, such as 'shop around' or 'run errands'.

introduction

The opening paragraph that presents the issue clearly.

Easy to cut or

Easy to cut or chew; used positively for meat or vegetables.

Tender, juicy, and tasty;

Tender, juicy, and tasty; usually used for meat or fruit.

Heavy, filling, and high

Heavy, filling, and high in carbohydrates; often used negatively for food that is hard to digest.

A word or phrase

A word or phrase (like 'a slice of' or 'a pinch of') used to indicate a part or quantity of a whole, making uncountable nouns countable.

Fusion restaurant

An establishment that combines elements of different culinary traditions or cultures into single dishes.

Nominalisation

The process of turning a verb or an adjective into a noun to make writing more concise and formal.

Target audience

The specific group of people for whom the review is written, which dictates the style and tone used.

Colloquial language

Informal words or phrases used in familiar conversation rather than formal writing.

ingredient list

Review this term in relation to: Ingredients and nutrition panels provide evidence.

saturated fat

Review this term in relation to: Use the same basis when comparing.

per 100 grams

Review this term in relation to: Ingredients and nutrition panels provide evidence.

health claim

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propose a solution

Review this term in relation to: Good discussion language is polite and structured.

table manners

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haul someone over the coals

Review this term in relation to: The listening focuses on manners and behaviour.

bring home to someone

Review this term in relation to: Good discussion language is polite and structured.

review structure

Review this term in relation to: A review needs clear organisation.

opening hook

Review this term in relation to: Opinion needs support.

background detail

Review this term in relation to: A review should help the reader decide.

recommendation

Review this term in relation to: Opinion needs support.

food label

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: Packaging can make food seem healthier than it is.

ingredient list

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: Ingredients and nutrition panels provide evidence.

saturated fat

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: Use the same basis when comparing.

serving

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: Packaging can make food seem healthier than it is.

breeze through something

Review this term in relation to: Idioms make exam experiences more precise.

run on empty

Review this term in relation to: Attempt and effort overlap but are not identical.

get your head down

Review this term in relation to: Idioms make exam experiences more precise.

get the hang of something

Review this term in relation to: Some words require specific prepositions.

sports psychology

Review this term in relation to: Sport is physical and psychological.

pre-match routine

Review this term in relation to: Psychologists support individuals and teams.

block out distractions

Review this term in relation to: Preparation can reduce nerves.

game changer

Review this term in relation to: Sport is physical and psychological.

panel discussion

Review this term in relation to: The essay responds to a panel discussion.

memorisation

Review this term in relation to: The model balances technology and memory.

learn by heart

Review this term in relation to: Academic wording makes the argument stronger.

critical thinking

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word cluster

Review this term in relation to: Fast speech can obscure word boundaries.

assimilation

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job interview

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work experience

Review this term in relation to: Fast speech can obscure word boundaries.

panel discussion

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: The essay responds to a panel discussion.

memorisation

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: The model balances technology and memory.

learn by heart

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: Academic wording makes the argument stronger.

outmoded

What is the term for: Review this term in relation to: The essay responds to a panel discussion.

Body language

The process of communicating non-verbally through conscious or unconscious gestures and movements.

A pair or group

A pair or group of words that are habitually used together and sound natural to native speakers.

A movement of part

A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.

Non-verbal communication

Communication without the use of spoken or written words, including facial expressions and posture.

What the page teaches

Students understand the purpose of sections in an article and use vocabulary for emotions and emotional health

How to answer exam questions

Use source context, natural collocation, grammar pattern, or paragraph purpose before deciding

The most common error

The most common error is matching a familiar word without checking the function of the sentence or text

1. Identify the exact

1. Identify the exact language point. 2. Quote or paraphrase the sentence clue from the source. 3. Explain why the chosen answer fits and why the tempting wrong answer does not.

What the page teaches

Students use reporting verbs with correct patterns and transform sentences using impersonal reporting structures

Students use reporting verbs with correct patterns and transform sentences using impersonal reporting structures

What is the term for: What the page teaches

Use source context, natural collocation, grammar pattern, or paragraph purpose before deciding

What is the term for: How to answer exam questions

The most common error is matching a familiar word without checking the function of the sentence or text

What is the term for: Common risk

The capacity to recover

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties and adapt to stressful situations.

The human soul, mind

The human soul, mind, or spirit, often considered as the center of thought and emotion.

A fundamental change in

A fundamental change in the way of thinking or acting.

To involve oneself deeply

To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or environment.

Vague language

Language that is not precise or specific, often used when the speaker is uncertain of a word, providing examples, or approximating.

Approximation

The act of using language to estimate or give a value or description that is close to the truth but not exact.

Tending to attract attention

Tending to attract attention because of confidence, exuberance, and stylishness; often associated with bright colors or bold designs.

Unpleasantly bright and showy;

Unpleasantly bright and showy; often used to describe colors or clothing that are tastelessly colorful.

Defining Relative Clause

A clause that provides essential information about a noun, which is necessary to identify the specific person or thing being referred to.

Non-defining Relative Clause

A clause that provides extra, non-essential information about a noun, usually set off by commas.

A figure of speech

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, typically using 'as' or 'like'.

Personification

The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human.

What is a letter to the editor?

A formal public response to an article or opinion in a newspaper, magazine, or similar publication.

What is concession?

Acknowledging part of another argument before explaining why you still disagree.

What is hedging?

Using cautious language such as perhaps, would, might, somewhat, or to some extent to avoid sounding too blunt.

How does the model letter use the GBP 900 million figure?

It concedes the figure but argues that it is about GBP 14 per head, so the article's implication may be misleading.

What does pioneer mean?

A person who is among the first to develop or use an important idea, method, or field.

What does phrasal verb mean?

A verb plus a particle whose meaning may differ from the base verb.

What does influence mean?

The power to affect people, ideas, or developments.

Main idea: Pioneers and influence

The unit opens with pioneers whose work changed mathematics, science, computing, medicine, and art. Students connect figures such as al-Khwarizmi, Marie Curie, Grace Hopper, Leonardo da Vinci, Mendeleev, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi.

What does hyperbole mean?

Deliberate exaggeration for effect, such as saying something weighs a ton.

What does understatement mean?

Making something sound less strong or less serious than it is.

What does loner mean?

A person who tends to spend time alone and may be self-sufficient or introspective.

Main idea: Clothing through history

The listening lesson treats clothes as more than fashion. Clothing can protect against weather, show status or wealth, express identity, and carry cultural meaning. The page also practises adjective-noun collocations such as.

When do we use the definite article?

Use "the" when the noun is known, unique, repeated, specified, a superlative, an ordinal, a period of time, certain geography, a class/species, or part of a fixed phrase.

When do we use a/an?

Use "a" or "an" with one singular countable noun when it is one example of a type or when it is introduced for the first time.

What is zero article?

Zero article means using no article where English does not require "a", "an" or "the", often with general plural nouns or abstract ideas.

The orang-utan vs an orang-utan

"The orang-utan" can discuss the species as a whole; "an orang-utan" introduces one individual animal.

What does teamwork mean?

Working with others toward a shared goal while respecting roles and viewpoints.

What does social action project mean?

A project designed to help a community or address a local need.

What does role mean?

A clear responsibility a person takes within a group.

Main idea: Food for Ramadan

The food project begins with students arguing over desserts. Noura's practical point changes the plan: pilaf would help more people because it is filling and can be made in a large pan. Identify the original disagreement, the.

What does incredulity mean?

The feeling of being unable to believe something.

What does word family mean?

A group of related words formed from the same root.

What does insistence mean?

A use of will that shows someone continues to do something, often against expectation or advice.

Main idea: Disbelief and surprise

The vocabulary pages group adjectives by meaning: baffling, mind-boggling, and mystifying for things that cannot be explained or believed; mesmerising and riveting for things you cannot look away from; breathtaking, electrifying.

What does speculation mean?

A guess or possible explanation based on limited evidence.

What does fact mean?

A statement that can be supported by evidence.

What does opinion mean?

A personal view, judgement, or interpretation.

Main idea: Making speculations

The speaking page introduces aphantasia and hyperphantasia, then practises phrases for guessing about past, present, and future. Useful phrases include It might involve, She must be, It could have been, My gut feeling is that, I.

What does proposal mean?

A formal text that explains a situation and recommends actions.

What does recommendation mean?

A suggested action, usually supported by a reason or expected benefit.

What does current situation mean?

The present problem or context that the proposal responds to.

Main idea: Proposal purpose and current situation

The Writing box gives language for introducing a proposal and describing the current situation: The aim of this proposal is to, The purpose of this proposal is to, One of our main priorities is, A key aspect of what we do is, and.

What does register mean?

The level of formality used in speaking or writing.

What does gerund mean?

The -ing form of a verb used like a noun.

What does infinitive mean?

The base form of a verb, often used with to.

Main idea: Work-life balance vocabulary

The unit begins with activities such as doing sports, sleeping, relaxing, studying, using social media, and multi-tasking. The internship advert introduces content marketing responsibilities, online marketing tools, remuneration.

What does aspiration mean?

A hope or ambition for the future.

What does inference mean?

A conclusion drawn from evidence rather than stated directly.

What does leadership mean?

Guiding, supporting, and taking responsibility for others toward a goal.

Main idea: Dreams shape your future

The reading explains how career aspirations change with age. Preschoolers may copy parents or storybook roles; primary pupils often dream of actors, athletes, astronauts, or wealth; secondary students usually become more.

What does tone down mean?

To make language less strong, blunt, or negative.

What does connotation mean?

The positive, negative, or neutral feeling carried by a word.

What does report mean?

A formal text that records information, evaluates it, and may make recommendations.

Main idea: Toning language down

The speaking lesson contrasts direct phrases such as speaks his mind, doesn't mince his words, and beat around the bush with the need to be tactful or diplomatic. It warns that brutal honesty can put people's backs up. To tone.

What does reluctant leader mean?

A person who does not actively seek leadership but may still lead effectively.

What does leadership style mean?

The way a person leads, communicates, and influences others.

What does attribute mean?

A quality or feature someone has.

Main idea: Signs of a reluctant leader

The page introduces signs of a reluctant leader, such as feeling embarrassed in the limelight, being surprised when people ask for advice, thinking others would be better leaders, disliking people who like leading, or making.